Fig. 5: The heterogeneity analysis of immune microenvironment.

a UMAP plot of T1–8 subpopulations. The annotation of T1–8 was applied in (a, c, e), which showed the colors and the number of cells with T1–8 subpopulations, and names defined after analyzing marker genes. b UMAP plot of M1–7 subpopulations. The annotation of M1–7 was applied in (b, d, g). The proportion of (c) T1–8 and (d) M1–7 subpopulations in adjacent and cancerous tissues. e The proportion of T1–8 subpopulations in each tissue. f The proportion of different tissue origins in T1–8 subpopulations. g The proportion of M1–7 subpopulations in each tissue. h The proportion of different tissue origins in M1–7 subpopulations. i, j The functional enrichment of two macrophage subpopulations annotated by GO and KEGG database through GSVA. The enriched functions that p < 0.05 with top 10 t-values were selected to make heatmap. The colors from blue to red indicated increased enrichment. *p < 0.05. k–m The top significant ligand-receptors between the malignant cell and CD8⁺ T cell, macrophage and fibroblast subpopulations. The diameter of the dot was inversely correlated with the p-value, the colors from dark to red indicated increased expression. Statistical analyses were performed using the permutation test.