Fig. 6: Analysis of DEG after melatonin treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells.

HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with melatonin (10 μM) for 6 h and then subjected to transcriptome sequencing. The heat map shows significantly differentially expressed mRNA between groups (A). Each column represents a sample and each row represents a gene. The left side is a dendrogram of gene clustering and the module diagram of the subclusters. The right is the name of the gene. The volcano plot shows the initial differential expression of genes (B). The abscissa is the differential expression fold log₂FC of the gene between the two samples. The ordinate is the statistical test value of the change in gene expression −log10 (p-value). Red dots represent significantly up-regulated genes, green dots represent significantly down-regulated genes, and gray dots represent non-significantly different genes. PCA was used to perform cluster analysis on samples (C). The horizontal axis represents the contribution of PC1 in the two-dimensional map to distinguishing samples, and the vertical axis represents the contribution of PC2 in the two-dimensional map to distinguishing samples. The red dots represent the melatonin group samples, and the green dots represent the control group samples. GO analysis was performed to enrich the function of differentially expressed mRNA (D). The vertical axis represents the GO term, the horizontal axis represents the number of genes or gene proportions, the size of the point represents the number of genes in the GO term, the color of the point represents p values, and the redder the color, the more significant the difference. BP, biological process; CC, cellular component; MF, molecular function. KEGG was used to analyze the signaling pathways involved in differentially expressed mRNAs (E). The vertical axis represents the sample name, the horizontal axis represents the number of genes or gene proportions, the size of the dots represents the number of genes enriched in this pathway, and the color of the dots corresponds to different p values. Gene set enrichment analysis of RNA expression profiles was performed after melatonin treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells (F). NES, normalized enrichment score, NES positive and negative indicate higher and lower expression, respectively. p < 0.05 indicates significant difference.