Fig. 3: Change in representation of simple odors after learning.

A Raster plot of the PN population response to rewarded odor (odor A1) before (left) and after (right) differential conditioning. Note, that activity of PNs activated by both rewarded and habituated odors (denoted by orange percepts) decreased while the activity of PNs activated uniquely by the rewarded odor (denoted by the green percept) increased. Red indicates percepts uniquely activated by the habituated odor. B Dynamical trajectory of the spatiotemporal odor responses in two-dimensional (2D) PCA space. The green lines show trajectories for 3 Rewarded Odors and the red ones for 3 Habituated Odors. After training, the trajectories of the rewarded and habituated odors shift away from each other. Black lines on the right plot indicate naive trajectories. C Left panel shows the correlation between representations of rewarded and habituated odors across three conditions: naive networks (light blue), after absolute conditioning (medium blue), and after differential conditioning (dark blue). While the correlation between odor representations from different classes remains largely unchanged after absolute conditioning compared to the naive state (p = 0.32), it decreases significantly following differential conditioning (p = 6e−7). The right panel illustrates correlations between representations of odors within the same class. These within-class correlations show a modest decrease after both absolute conditioning (p = 0.1) and differential conditioning (p = 0.07) relative to the naive condition. For both panels, correlations were computed pairwise between odors and averaged across all pairs, with error bars representing the standard deviation across n = 10 trials. Dots represent individual data points. D Connectivity of the inhibitory networks (LN-LN and LN-PN) before (left) and after (right) training. After differential conditioning, connectivity exhibits a grid-like structure that encodes the relationships among percepts associated with the rewarded and habituated odors. The colorbars show the final value of the weight divided by its initial value.