Fig. 1: Distribution map of Harttia species herein investigated, with their respective phylogenetic relationships modified from Covain et al.⁷⁰.

The map highlights the hydrographic basins of Brazil and the rivers of South America. Dashed lines indicate the inferred relationships of species based on chromosomal data^{10,11,34,87,90,124} that are not included in the previous⁷⁰ phylogeny. Numbers on the map indicate the collection sites (detailed in the material and methods section Supplementary Table 11) of the same species presented in phylogeny. Idiograms illustrate the homologous sex chromosome systems according to their linkage groups, following previous whole-chromosome painting experiments^10,11,34,35. Nodes marked in red indicate the divergence between clades recovered from TimeTree 5¹⁴¹. Blue dots indicate the species targeted for satellitome characterization, while the white dots indicate the ones used for comparative FISH experiments.