Table 1 Results from chao-kosmotropicity agar gel-point assays

From: The salty tango of brine composition and UV photochemistry effects on Halobacterium salinarum cell envelope biosignature preservation

Brines

Gelation point (°C)

Compared to H2O

Compared to BSS

Extrapolated brine gel point increase/decrease (°C)

Chaotropic(+) or Kosmotropic (−) Activity (kJ.kg−1)

Extrapolated brine gel point increase/decrease (°C)

Chaotropic(+) or Kosmotropic (−) Activity (kJ.kg−1)

Agar 1.5% (H2O)

37

N/A

N/A

−6.5

26.98

M1

44

21

−87.15

10.5

−43.58

E1

40.5

10.5

−43.58

0

0

BSS

40.5

10.5

−43.58

N/A

N/A

BSS-LS

40

9

−37.35

−1.5

6.23

E2

37

0

0

−10.5

43.58

M2

37.5

−1.5

6.23

−9

37.35

M3*

4

−99

410.85

−109.5

454.43

M4*

< 4

< −99

< 410.85

< −109.5

< 454.43

  1. Chaotropicity values are calculated knowing that the heat capacity of a 1.5% (w/v) agar gel is 4.15 kJ.kg−1. °C−1. Negative values indicate chaotropic activity, positive values indicate kosmotropic activity. (*) indicates incompatibility with the microplate assay, necessitating the assessment of the gelation point through a visual “by-eye” observation method. N/A Not Applicable.
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