Fig. 3: Genetic structure of the Moroccan population.

a Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted using data from 3,586 individuals representing various populations worldwide. The points are color-coded according to the superpopulations. b ADMIXTURE results at K = 19 with a zoom on the Moroccan population, showing four major ancestral components. c. Heat map of pairwise Fst values between Moroccan genomes and various populations. The shown values correspond to the Fst multiplied by 1000. d. Box plot of the total length of Runs Of Homozygosity (ROHs) for Moroccans compared with other populations. Colors indicate superpopulations. The number of individuals per population is shown in brackets. Box plots indicate the median and lower/upper quartiles; whiskers represent the most extreme data points, not exceeding 1.5 times the interquartile range; and outliers are data points that fall outside the whiskers. Additionally, P-values comparing the mean total lengths of ROH have been estimated using ggpubr⁵⁷. The choice of populations for calculating Fst and ROHs was based on their proximity to the Moroccan population, based on the PCA and ADMIXTURE results. The results of the PCA, Fst, and ROH analyses were visualized using R⁵⁸. The ADMIXTURE results were visualized with Pong v 1.5⁵⁹.