Fig. 1: Experimental design.

To assess long-term effects of developmental exposure to BPA, zebrafish larvae, aged either 72 hours postfertilization (hpf) or 7 days postfertilization (dpf) were exposed to 0.1 µM BPA, 0.001 µM BPA, DMSO (vehicle control, 0.0003%), or water for 24 hours (hr). After exposure, larvae were transferred to system water and raised in control conditions until either 1- or 2-weeks post exposure, 1-month (4-weeks) postexposure, or 3–4 months of age. At the 1- and 2-week time points, retinal anatomy was assessed to build on our previous data⁴². At the 1-month time point, behaviors were assessed by measuring optomotor responses. At the 3–4 month time point, optomotor responses were also recorded, followed by electroretinogram (ERGs) recordings from excised retinal eyecups. Retinal tissue was then collected for molecular analysis and carcasses were processed to quantify BPA levels in body tissues. For comparison, acute effects of BPA exposure were assessed in a separate set of adult fish. These fish were exposed to one of the four treatment groups for 24 hr, when ERGs were recorded, and tissue was collected.