Fig. 7: Intervention of stem cells and NMNAT1 in aging dogs.

a Effects of MSCs and NMNAT1-loaded MSCs on the recovery of blood routine indexes in aging dogs. WBC: White Blood Cell Count; MPV: Mean platelet volume; BASO%: Percentage of basophils; LYM#: Absolute lymphocyte count; NEU#: Absolute neutrophil count; BASO#: Basophil count absolute. b Effects of MSCs and NMNAT1- MSCs on total protein (TP) recovery in aging dogs. c GSVA analysis using metabolites that increase with age and decrease with age. The gray line represents the process of natural aging, the red line represents the process of treating aging with MSCs, and the blue line represents the process of treating aging with NMNAT1_MSCs. d Expression Changes of Aging-Associated Metabolic Markers in Natural Aging and Before and After Stem Cell Therapy. Aging-related metabolic markers were divided into 8 groups according to the expression changes that decreased or increased with age during aging. Columns of the heatmap represent: natural aging process, before and after MSCs therapy, and before and after NMNAT1-MSCs therapy. The average expression change trend of each cluster is plotted in the line graph, where gray represents the natural aging process, pink represents the MSCs treatment process, and blue represents the NMNAT1-MSCs treatment process. The KEGG pathways enriched by the metabolites in each cluster are displayed in the bar graph. Values in A, B are mean ± SD; n = 4 per group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 determined by repeated measures of ANOVA.