Fig. 3: Network of brain regions with significant correlations between EEG source power and affective residue.

a Spearman correlation maps between EEG source power and AR are shown. Both positive and negative correlations between EEG source power and AR were significantly detected across several frequency bands during WK (P ≤ 0.014), N1 (P ≤ 0.0037), and N2 (P ≤ 1.4962 × 10⁻⁴). b Word clouds depicting the networks of brain regions³⁸ with EEG source power most strongly and significantly correlated with AR (∣Rho∣ > 0.1, red for positive, blue for negative correlations). The word sizes are linearly scaled by correlation strength, in descending order from left to right and top to bottom. c Graph showing the Granger causality of the brain structures identified in (b). Blue, red and gray nodes correspond respectively to negative, positive and absence of correlation between EEG source power and IR. Arrows indicate causality direction, arrow width linearly represents causality strength. The abbreviations adopted in (b) and (c) follow the nomenclature used in the model atlas AALA3³⁸.