Fig. 1: Clustering-derived subgroups reveal distinct brain morphological patterns in ASD from ABIDE dataset.
From: Profiling brain morphology for autism spectrum disorder with two cross-culture large-scale consortia
a Silhouette scores across different clustering solutions (2 to 10 clusters). The highest silhouette score indicates two distinct subgroups. b Median OoS scores of 34 cortical regions before clustering. c Median OoS scores of ASD subgroup H (top) and L (bottom). d SHAP summary plot displaying the top 10 brain regions with the highest contributions to the SVM model’s predictions. e The mean SHAP values across the 29 selected cortical regions contributed to the classification. f Prevalence maps depicting the proportion of participants with extreme (2.5% for subgroup L, 97.5% for subgroup H) structural anomalies. g OoS scores across 34 cortical regions (top) and global measures (bottom) for subgroup H (orange) and L (green). TCV total cortical volume, WMV total white matter volume, GMV total cortical gray matter volume, sGMV total subcortical gray matter volume, CSF total ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume, mCT mean cortical thickness, tSA total surface area, Dots indicate the mean value of OoS scores, bars indicate the standard deviation. See Supplementary Information Supplementary Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. 1d for detailed density plots. Distribution of participant ages (h); IQ scales (i); ADI-R (j); PDD category (k, top left), MRI scanner model (k, top middle), manufacturer (k, top right), and data collection site (k, bottom); SRS (l); and ADOS (m) across the two subgroups, with subgroup L participants being significantly younger than those in subgroup H (p = 0.02). Note, the left hemispheres are plotted in (b, c, e, and f) just for visualization purposes. For plots h–j, l, and m, the center line shows the median; the box limits represent the 25th and 75th percentiles; the whiskers show the minimum and maximum values; and the dots represent potential outliers.
