Fig. 2: ROS accumulation alters detoxification enzyme activation.

a ROS levels in T. cinnabarinus treated with sprayed NAC. b ROS levels in T. cinnabarinus when treated with cyflumetofen followed by sprayed NAC. In a,b the left figure indicates the measurement time point. P450s (c), GSTs (d), and CCEs (e) activities in T. cinnabarinus after fenpropathrin treatment. P450s (f), GSTs (g), and CCEs (h) activities in T. cinnabarinus after cyflumetofen treatment. P450s (i), GSTs (j), and CCEs (k) activities in T. cinnabarinus after chlorpyrifos treatment. In c–k tween 80 in water as a control and NAC as a treatment were used to pretreat adult female mites for 24 h before dividing the mites into two groups: one treated with acetone for 24 h and the other treated with acaricide for 24 h. l ROS levels in T. cinnabarinus after paraquat treatment. The control group was treated with acetone and used for normalization. Error bars represent the mean ± SE, n = 3. Lowercase letters represent statistically significant differences. One-way ANOVA (Tukey’s HSD) was used for data analysis, p < 0.05. m Acaricide sensitivity in T. cinnabarinus after 6 h of paraquat pretreatment. The Y-axis represents mortality rate. In a−k, m error bars represent mean ± SE, n = 3. Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference analyzed by Student’s t-test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.