Fig. 3: Analysis of lignocellulose degradation in Clostridium.

a Prevalence of cellulose-, hemicellulose-, and lignin-degrading abilities in Clostridium isolated from giant pandas of different ages via primary screening. b Proportion of Clostridium strains by enzyme type (β-glucosidase, xylanase, and MnP activities) in different age groups. c Determination of xylanase, β-glucosidase, and manganese activities (U/mL) in the different age groups of giant pandas. Data are presented as mean ± SD. d Determination of xylanase, β-glucosidase, and manganese activities (U/mL) from different Clostridium species. Data are presented as mean ± SD. SGP: sub-adult giant panda, AGP: adult giant panda, GGP: geriatric giant panda.