Fig. 5: KEGG analysis of lignocellulose degradation by Clostridium in the gut of giant pandas.

a Distribution of metabolic pathways enriched in various Clostridium species. The gene counts were normalized using z-scores (scale from −2 to +2). b Key enzymes in the metabolic networks involved in hemicellulose and cellulose degradation. c Distribution of key enzymes involved in hemicellulose and cellulose degradation in various Clostridium species. White grids represent species without the enzyme; gray-blue grids represent species with the enzyme.