Fig. 4: Branching structures of the evolution of lingulide brachiopods, demonstrating the relationships between the stem group, extinct ancestral and living lineages.

Interpretative drawings of Yuganotheca elegans (Cambrian Stage 3 Yuanshan Formation) is modified from ref. 50, L. yuanshanensis (Cambrian Stage 3 Yuanshan Formation) is a sketch of Fig. 1A, L. ergalievi (Cambrian Stage 4 Shuijingtuo Formation) is a sketch of Supplementary Fig. 8C, P. yunnanensis from the (Cambrian Stage 4 Wulongqing Formation) is modified from ref. 89, and Living L. anatina is modified from ref. 90.