Fig. 7: Tree showing relationships of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits with cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels activated by biogenic amines.

ELIC (Accession number P0C7B7), from Dickeya chrysanthemi, a bacterial ancestor of CysLGICs, was used as an outgroup. Peptide sequences were used to construct the phylogenetic tree with MEGA11 software⁶⁹ using the Maximum Likelihood method and Jones–Taylor–Thornton matrix model⁷⁰. Numbers at each node signify bootstrapping 1000 times represented as a percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together and the scale bar represents substitutions per site. Species subunit sequences used in the tree are as follows: Apis mellifera Amel α5 (AJE70263) otherwise see ref. ¹⁶; Bombyx mori Bmor α5 (EU082080); Drosophila melanogaster Dmel α1 (CAA30172), Dmel α2 (CAA36517), Dmel α3 (CAA75688), Dmel α4 (CAB77445), Dmel α5 (AAM13390), Dmel α6 (AAM13392), Dmel α7 (AAK67257), Dmel β1 (CAA27641), Dmel β2 (CAA39211), Dmel β3 (CAC48166); Locusta migratoria Lmig α5 (KF873584); Periplaneta americana Pame α5 (MW234341); Tribolium castaneum Tcas α5 (NM_001162522); Musca domestica Mdom HisCl1 (XP_005183540), Mdom HisCl2 (XP_005191543); Homo sapiens Human 5HT3C (NP_570126); Mus musculus Mouse α7 (AAF35885); Rattus norvegicus Rat α9 (NP_075219), Rat α10 (NP_072161), Rat 5HT3A (NP_077370), Rat 5HT3B (NP_071525); Caenorhabditis elegans DEG-3 (NP_001379138), DES-2 (AAC98095), LGC-52 (CAB60529), LGC-53 (NP_741945), LGC-54 (NP_001343648), LGC-55 (NP_507870), LGC-56 (NP_001382273).