Fig. 3: 1-month of MCT or KD restored ASVs with differential abundance levels and induced new alterations in 3xTg-AD mice microbiome. | Communications Biology

Fig. 3: 1-month of MCT or KD restored ASVs with differential abundance levels and induced new alterations in 3xTg-AD mice microbiome.

From: Medium-chain triglycerides and ketogenic diet prevent alterations of the gut microbiome in transgenic Alzheimer’s disease mice

Fig. 3: 1-month of MCT or KD restored ASVs with differential abundance levels and induced new alterations in 3xTg-AD mice microbiome.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Volcano plot of ASVs relative abundance fold change between WT and 3xTg-AD mice on Control diet (WT_C vs 3xTg_C, n = 4/genotype/diet, Limma adjusted P < 0.05). b Venn diagram comparing differential ASVs in 4 months-old 3xTg-AD mice (WTC vs 3xTgC_4mo, n = 4/genotype/diet, Limma adjusted P < 0.05) and 6 months-old 3xTg-AD mice (WTC vs 3xTgC_6mo, n = 4/genotype/diet, Limma adjusted P < 0.05). c Venn diagram of the following comparisons (n = 4/genotype/diet, Limma adjusted P < 0.05): AD-induced alterations (WT_C vs 3xTg_C), MCT effect in AD mice (WT_C vs 3xTg_M), KD effect in AD mice (WT_C vs 3xTg_K). The ASVs that are significantly different in WT_C vs 3xTg_C and not significant in WT_C vs 3xTg_M or WT_C vs 3xTg_K are considered “restored”. d Hierarchical heatmap of the average abundance of ASVs with differential abundance in WT_C vs 3xTg_C (n = 4/genotype/diet, adjusted P < 0.05). The color code in the extreme left column indicates whether the ASV abundance is rescued by MCT (cyan), KD (pink), or both diets (purple). Asterisks indicate most and least abundant ASVs in 3xTg_C compared to WT_C. e Relative abundance of phyla. 2-way ANOVA identifies in Actinobacteriota (genotype effect: P < 0.0001, F(1, 18) = 51, diet effect: P < 0.0001, F(2,18) = 26, interaction effect: P < 0.0001, F(2,18) = 27), Bacteroidota (genotype effect: P < 0.0001, F(1, 18) = 28.11), Firmicutes (diet effect: P = 0.044, F(2, 18) = 3.74), Proteobacteria (genotype effect: P = 0.0034, F(1, 18) = 11.33) and Verrumicrobiota (not significant). f Relative abundance of the most abundance family in each phylum. 2-way ANOVA identifies in Bifidobacteriaceae (genotype effect: P < 0.0001, F(1, 18) = 57.37, diet effect: P < 0.0001, F(2,18) = 32.97, interaction effect: P < 0.0001, F(2,18) = 32.47), Muribaculaceae (genotype effect: P = 0.0003, F(1, 18) = 19.66), Lachnospiraceae (genotype effect: P = 0.015, F(1, 18) = 7.16, diet effect: P = 0.0006, F(2, 18) = 11.59, interaction effect: P = 0.034, F(2, 18) = 4.11), Sutterelaceae (genotype effect: P = 0.0034, F(1, 18) = 11.33), Akkermansiaceae (not significant). g Ratio of Firmicutes out of Bacteroidota relative abundance (F:B ratio). 2-way ANOVA identifies genotype effect (P = 0.048, F(1,18) = 4.48). Symbols illustrating significance on (e-g): Asterisks (*) indicate significant diet effect (difference with Control diet) within the same genotype; Hashes(#) indicate significant genotype effect (difference with WT group) within the same diet. Statistical significance is presented on the graphs as follow: * or # P < 0.05; ** or ## P < 0.01; *** or ### P < 0.001; **** or #### P < 0.0001. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.

Back to article page