Fig. 6: Amino acid and vitamin biosynthetic potential across species from varying community complexity.

A Heatmap showing pathway completeness scores for 18 custom amino acid biosynthesis modules (three-letter abbreviations) across high-quality genomes (n = 305; >90% completeness, <5% contamination) grouped by community complexity: 1, 2, 3, or more than 3 species per culture. Each column represents a genome, and each row a biosynthetic module. Completeness values range from white (0) to dark orange (1) for genomes from single-genome cultures, and white to dark green for genomes from multi-genome cultures (≥2 genomes). B Boxplot summarizing the average amino acid pathway completeness per genome across the same four community complexity groups. C Heatmap as in (A), but for the 9 custom vitamin biosynthesis modules. Color gradients and grouping are defined identically. D Boxplot summarizing the average vitamin pathway completeness per genome across complexity groups. Statistical significance for (B, D) was assessed using Kruskal–Wallis tests, followed by Dunn’s post hoc test for pairwise comparisons. Groups sharing at least one letter (e.g., a and ab) are not significantly different from each other, while groups with different letters (e.g., a vs. b) are significantly different (p < 0.05). Boxplots show the median and the interquartile range (IQR), with whiskers indicating 1.5× IQR.