Fig. 2: Evolutionary history of wolves from central Asia and eastern Asia.
From: Continent-wide view of genomic diversity and divergence in the wolves of Asia
A D statistic results in estimating derived allele sharing between wolf individuals in Eurasia and the Tibetan lineage. The only populations that show significant allele sharing with Tibetan wolves are some wolves from Pakistan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, and eastern China. B Autosomal phylogeny using 97 wolves from Eurasia, 3 North American gray wolves, and 9 individuals from five other canid species. The coalescent-based tree was estimated using 1000 regions of 20 kb length that were randomly chosen across the dog reference genome. The normalized quartet score of selected nodes is shown. Colored circles and shaded color within the phylogeny indicate the individuals assigned to the Tibetan lineage (orange), central Asian mountains (high altitude Pakistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan; blue), and eastern Asia (eastern China, Mongolia, eastern Russia; green). C A maximum-likelihood tree inferred with only low recombination (<0.2 cM/Mb) regions of the X chromosome using the same sample set as in (B). Local posterior probability is labeled at selected nodes. D The three topologies with the highest average topology weightings across the X chromosome when considering wolves from the central Asian mountains or eastern Asia as the focal population X. The topology shaded in gray depicts a scenario where the focal wolf population is ancestral to wolves from Europe and Central Russia. Prevalence of 15 possible topologies in high, medium, and low recombination regions on the X chromosome where the focal population is from E central Asian mountains and F eastern Asia. For both central Asian and eastern Asian wolves, three topologies (solid lines) show a negative relationship between recombination rate and topology weighting, in contrast to the 12 other topologies (dotted lines).
