Fig. 4: 3D swim bladder reconstruction for morphological dynamics analysis.

a Workflow of the 3D swim bladder reconstruction. Segmentation is performed using SAM2 on both top and side views. Ellipses are fitted to the segmented contours in each view, which are then used to reconstruct the 3D geometry of the swim bladder. b Visualizations of the swim bladder segmentation and the resulting 3D reconstruction (right). c Representative comparison of segmentation masks generated by SAM2 and independent expert biologists for n = 30 zebrafish. Dice coefficients: Biologist 1: mean = 0.80, SD = 0.02; Biologist 2: mean = 0.87, SD = 0.05.