Fig. 5: Cholinergic modulation of HVC-RAPN and LMAN-RAPN eEPSCs in adult female zebra finches.

A Experiment schematic. The pictures respectively show the locations of the stimulating electrodes in in vitro whole-cell patch clamp recording of HVC-RAPN (left) and LMAN-RAPN (right) eEPSCs in adult females. B Example traces of adult female HVC-RAPN eEPSCs in Pre and CAR. The transparent curves represent individual EPSCs, and the bold curves on top represent the average across trials. Quantification of eEPSCs’ amplitude in Pre and CAR, n = 10, p = 0.6629. C, D Similar to (B). DMPP (C), n = 8, p = 0.8348; OM (D), n = 9, p = 0.1521. E Top: example traces of adult female LMAN-RAPN eEPSCs in Pre and CAR. Quantification of eEPSCs’ amplitude in Pre and CAR, n = 10, p = 0.0006; Bottom: example traces of eEPSCs in paired pulse stimulation. PPR quantification in Pre and CAR, n = 7, p = 0.0071. F Similar to (E). OM: n = 8, p = 0.0001 (top); n = 7, p = 0.0318 (bottom). G Example traces of adult female LMAN-RAPN eEPSCs in Pre and DMPP. Quantification of eEPSCs’ amplitude in Pre and DMPP, n = 8, p = 0.4008. H, I Similar to (G). CAR + ATR (H), n = 10, p = 0.4935; CAR + MEC (I), n = 9, p = 0.0361. The variable n refers to the number of cells. Error bars denote the standard error of the mean (SEM). *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, paired t-test. RAPN: RA projection neuron.