Table 1 Deep Maniot haplogroups and directly ancestral or related lineages in the aDNA record

From: Uniparental analysis of Deep Maniot Greeks reveals genetic continuity from the pre-Medieval era

Haplogroup (full path)

Closest ISOGG haplogroup

Frequency in Deep Mani

aDNA sample

Present-day distribution (FamilyTreeDNA/Yfull database)

J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>L26>PF5088>PF5160>PF5197>PF5172>Z7314>PF5169>PF5174>Z8074>PF7419>Z8072>PF7421>PF7423>FGC68843>Y31951>L930

J2a1a1b1a1a

51%

upstream branch J-Z8072 found in BA Caucasus (I2051)

J-L930 exclusively in Deep Mani; more distant branches (TMRCA in 2700 BCE) found in Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Levant, Iran, UK, Poland

J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>L26>Z6064>Y6858>Z6061>Z6057>Y7011>SK1359>PF7416>SK1363>BY759>PF7413>Z28527>Z35779>PF7415>FT88552>FTA97715>FTF87157

J2a1a2b2a2b2

11%

upstream branch J-Z35779 (1600 BCE) in Iron Age samples from Sicily with Aegean ancestry, Roman Period Rome; J-BY759 branches common in BA Greece

J-FTF87157 exclusively in Deep Mani; other branches in Poland, Italy, Iberia, Germany, Tunisia

R-M269>L23>Z2103>M12149>Z2106>FTE77744>FTE77876

R1b1a1b1b3

8%

early diverging R1b-Z2106 daughter lineages found in the Pontic-Caspian steppe, the Caucasus, and the Balkans

R-FTE77876 exclusively in Deep Mani. Sicilian match at 810 BCE

J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>L26>PF5088>PF5160>L24>Z393>L25>Z438>CTS1192>FGC35503>FGC35461>Z39097>PH4244

J2a1a1b2a1b2b

7%

Related branch J-Z40002 (2500 BCE) found in Byzantine Muğla (I20187)

Exclusively in Deep Mani. Sister branch J-Z39097>J-Z39121 (628 CE) found in Poland. Branches under J-FGC35461 largely West Asian

G-M201>L89>L156>P15>L1259>L30>L141>P303>L140>PF3346>Z3065>PF3345>Z6779>U1>FGC31390>L13>Z2024>Z2022>Z6414>PF6860>Z6759>FGC995>Z6764>FT1788 >FGC1016>S9751>Z29424>FGC31400>FT324622>FT275186>FTF91185

G2a2b2a1a1a1a1a1a1a

7%

Upstream branch G-FT324622 (1374 BCE) found in Roman Period individual (I26753; 200-300 CE) from Osijek, Croatia.

G-FTF91185 exclusive to Deep Mani. Sister branch G-FT275186>G-FT171308 (560 BCE) in Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia

J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>L26>PF5088>PF5160>L24>Z393>L25>Z438>CTS1192>FGC35503>Z40002>Z39993>Z39995>Z40011>Z39986>Z40003>FT106400*

J2a1a1b2a1b2a

2%

Upstream branch J-Z40003 (930 BCE) found in Medieval Cambridgeshire (60; 1204-1511 CE). Related branch J-Z40002 (TMRCA at 2150 BCE) in Byzantine sample from Muğla (20259; 491-717 CE)

J-FT106400 found in Deep Mani. Downstream branches in Kuwait

J-M304>M172>M410>PF5050>PF5007>PF5058>Z39726>BY40937>Z28344>Z28333>FT151401>Z39727>FT151551*

J2a2a

2%

Same branch has been found in individual R2041 from Roman Period Sisak Pogorelec, Croatia.

No matches. Downstream branches in Czechia, Poland, Italy. Upstream branch J-Z39727 (1489 BCE) found in present-day Albanians, Cretans, Turks, Italians, and Germans

J-M304>M267>CTS12238>Z2217>L620>PF4832>L136>PF7264>ZS4381>PF7263>ZS4452>BY38106>BY45309>BY38105>BY137125>FT67172

J1a2a1a1b

2%

Ancient individual (I8216) from the classical Greek colony of Empuries in Spain was found to have upstream lineage J-PF7263.

J-FT67172 is found exclusively in Deep Mani and in Sicily. Related lineages in Italy, the Levant, Iran, Iberia, Greece, Central Asia, and northwestern Europe

J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>L26>PF5088>PF5160>L24>Z393>L25>Z438>CTS1192>L70>PF5430>Z435>Z2177>PH185>FGC24630>BY76232*

J2a1a1b2a1b1b2c

2%

None

Downstream branches found almost exclusively in Italy, with one lineage in the UK. Upstream lineage J-FGC24630 contains many branches in Anatolia, the Levant, Greece, Italy, and northwestern Europe.

J-M304>M172>M102>Z529>Z1827>Z593>M241>L283>Z622>Z600>Z2509>Z585>Z615>Z8418>Z597>Z2507>Z1296>Z1297>Z1295>Z8421>Z631*

J2b2a1a1a1a1a1a

2%

Both upstream and downstream branches largely in BA-IA, Roman, and Medieval Balkans

No matches

J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>L26>PF5088>PF5125>Z2227>Z1846>M67>Z1847>Y4036>Z467>Z455>L210>Z459>L227>FT114604>Z44002

J2a1a1a2b2a2b3a

1%

None

Matches a Swiss individual from 750 BCE. Downstream branches found in individuals in Central and Western Europe, as well as Iberia. Upstream branches in Ashkenazi Jews, the Balkans, Italy, Iran, and Western Europe.

J-M304>M172>M410>CTS7683>L26>PF5088>PF5160>L24>Z393>Z44288>Z44310>BY93436*

J2a1a1b2a

1%

None

No matches. Related branches in Armenia, Sudan, and the Arabian Peninsula

E-M96>CTS9083>P147>P177>P2>M215>M35>V68>M78>PF2179>Z1919>L618>CTS1975>V13>CTS8814>CTS5856>BY4877>BY3880>Y16729>BY202063>FT64983*

E1b1b1a1b1a14

1%

This lineage was found in a Roman Period individual from Trogir, Croatia (I26702)

No matches. Other E-FT64983* individuals in Western-Central-Eastern Europe, Italy

R-M207>M173>M420>M459>CTS5437>M515>M198>M417>PF6162>Z93>Z94>Z2124>Z2125>Z2123>Y934>Y7094>YP4931>BY61693

R1a1a1b2a2a1d6

1%

Upstream lineage R-YP4931 found in Medieval Hungary (AHP41). R1a-Z93 associated with Pontic-Caspian steppe nomadic cultures known as the Scythians

STR matches from Karpathos and Rhodos islands in the Dodecanese. Downstream lineages in Portugal and Germany

  1. Terminal subclade in bold; asterisk (*) indicates that terminal subclade is unresolved.