Fig. 2
From: Emergence of traveling waves in linear arrays of electromechanical oscillators
Characterization of traveling waves. a N = 2 oscillators moving in antiphase. The plot shows the sine of the oscillator phases (bottom); the space-time image shows the same data in a different way (top). b Space-time plot for N = N* = 15 oscillators showing 20 oscillation cycles. c Space-time plots for N > N* showing defects that occur at regular time intervals. The markers show points in the space-time lattice with five-fold (purple) and seven-fold (yellow) coordination. d Time-averaged phase difference χn as a function of position n for N = N* oscillators. Data for (a–d) were collected with L = 25 mm, W = 3 mm, and V = 18 kV. e Characteristic wavelength λ as a function of the electrode separation L for N = N* and different oscillator spacings W. Error bars represent the standard deviation from five independent experiments
