Fig. 8

Magnonic logic gates. a Schematic illustration of a voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA)-controlled exclusive NOR (XNOR) logic gate based upon Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). b The graph shows the variation of spin wave (SW) phase in one waveguide (WG) with gate voltage¹⁷. Adapted with the permission from https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.9.014033. c Schematic diagram of an exclusive OR (XOR) logic gate made by combining two magnon transistors in parallel¹⁰⁰. The output signal “O” is manipulated by tuning magnon currents in two arms of the logic gate by feeding magnon current from two independent gates (G₁, G₂). Reprinted by permission from Springer Nature: Nature Communications, Magnon transistor for all-magnon data processing, Chumak, A. V., Serga, A. A. & Hillebrands, B., copyright 2014