Fig. 3: Variation of location, group velocity and acceleration of optical wave-packet during propagation.
From: Optical wave-packet with nearly-programmable group velocities

Corresponding to axisymmetric cosine-function-like pulse-front deformations a–c without and d–f with temporally delayed beam centers, variations of a, d longitudinal gap Δz (between the intersection of phase-fronts and optical wave-packet), b, e instantaneous group velocity υb, and c, f instantaneous acceleration a of optical wave-packet during propagation. Group velocity υb and acceleration a is normalized by c and c2, respectively. t and z are propagating time and position centered at the geometrical center of conical superposition region.