Fig. 1: Diagram of the investigated ferromagnetic (FM)/heavy metal (HM) bilayers.
From: Spin-orbit torques and their associated effective fields from gigahertz to terahertz
A uniform and oscillatory electric field \({\bf{E}}(t)\) is applied in the \(x\) direction, generating a spin accumulation along the \(y\) direction. Its interaction with the FM layer drives the magnetic moment \({\bf{M}}\) into precessional motion. On the top right, a scheme of the \({C}_{2v}\)-symmetric W(110) surface.
