Fig. 4: Quantum phase transition from chiral superfluid (CSF) to Mott insulator (MI) within the time-dependent Gutzwiller approach.
a Time evolution of the profiles of density ni (solid lines) and order parameter ∣ψi∣ (dashed lines) in the harmonic trap along the cut of \({y}_{i}=a/\sqrt{3}\) (with a being the lattice constant) for the negative-temperature CSF state when ∣U/J∣ increases for \(t\,> \, 200{U}_{0}^{-1}\). b, c Color plots for the local phase near the center of the trap at b \(t=100{U}_{0}^{-1}\) and c \(700{U}_{0}^{-1}\). d, e Time evolution of the density fluctuation δn2(t)∕δn2(0) for d a negative-temperature CSF state and e an unfrustrated superfluid (SF) state. The red solid and blue dashed lines represent the cases of harmonic and box-shaped trap potentials, respectively. The time schedule for increasing the ratio of the interaction and the hopping, ∣U/J∣, is plotted together. The time t is measured in units of the inverse of the initial interaction strength \({U}_{0}^{-1}\).
