Fig. 1: A phase diagram for bacterial swarming.

a Snapshots of monolayer bacterial swarms with different aspect ratios and densities, representative of the motile phases. Colors represent moving clusters (gray or non-labeled cells are not moving). The scale bar corresponds to 50 μm. For short cells (S phase), almost all cells are moving coherently. For long cells, spatial ordering into local (SC) or global (LC) clusters is apparent. b The inferred phase diagram as a function of aspect ratio (α) and surface density (ρ), showing five distinct phases: immotile (IM), swarming (S), small clusters (SCs), large clusters (LCs), and jammed (J).