Fig. 3: Sketch of key elements for taking images of the probe beam.

Values of f indicate the focal lengths of lenses. PMF polarization-maintained optical fiber; CLb: collimation lenses, L2 and L3: lenses, EMCCD electron-multiplying charge-coupled device camera (Andor DL-604M-OEM). The probe beam coming out of CLb was collimated and had the e−1 full width of 0.92 mm. We adjusted the separation between L4 and L5 such that the beam was focused on nearly the center of the atomic cloud by L2, and had the width of 39 μm at the focal point.