Fig. 2: Schematic overview of working principle of the core–hole clock spectroscopy.
From: Ultrafast electron energy-dependent delocalization dynamics in germanium selenide
a Normal Auger process. b Resonant photoexcitation from core level to conduction band. c Participator decay process. d Spectator decay process. e Charge delocalization or charge transfer process. CB and VB indicate conduction band and valence band, blue solid circles and hollow circles indicate electrons and holes from Ge core levels, and green solid circles and hollow circles indicate electrons and holes from Se core levels, respectively.
