Fig. 5: Characteristics of transit-time damping.

Time evolution of a magnetic field perturbation, b frequency spectrum power of magnetic field perturbation, c contour of magnetic field perturbation, d plasma displacement at reff/a99 = 0.83 evaluated from perturbation of electron temperature, e frequency spectrum power of plasma displacement, and f skewness of ion velocity distribution function at reff/a99 = 0.79 with conditional averaging with respect to the collapse time of energetic ions, as indicated by the sharp increase in radio frequency (RF) intensity, plotted in Fig. 1c. (#165933, #165935, #165942, #165944, #165946, #165958, #165964, #165965, #165968, #165979, #165985, #166002, #166008).