Fig. 1: Geometry (setup) of nanomagnets and qubits.

a Schematic diagram of simulation setup in MuMax3. b Schematic of nanomagnet layers. Ferromagnet/antiferromagnet interface creates exchange bias field (\({{{{{{{{\bf{B}}}}}}}}}_{{{{{{{{\rm{bias}}}}}}}},x}^{{{{{{{{\rm{ext}}}}}}}}}\)) along the + x direction in the nanomagnet. The field deterministically oscillates from + z to + x when voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) is applied in an external bias field (B^ext) of 0.3 T. c Schematic of qubit layers. Ferromagnet/Oxide interface to create perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in the film (magnetized along − z) below the qubit volume. This field partially offsets the external field so the effective field along + z seen by the qubit produces Larmor precession at 0.5 GHz (or 2 GHz). (Drawings are not to scale).