Fig. 2: Crystalline morphologies and corresponding ionization potentials.
From: Open-circuit voltage of organic solar cells: interfacial roughness makes the difference
a Model of a crystalline binary ZnPc:F4ZnPc thin film, with species represented by (semi-transparent) and gray molecules, with periodicity in the xy plane. Deeper red implies more F4ZnPc molecules in a column. b Dependence of the ionization energy (IE) on the fraction of ZnPc in the ZnPc:F4ZnPc and ZnPc:F\({}_{4}^{* }\)ZnPc systems, c.
