Fig. 1: Evaluating the Ti-composition-gradient (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT) crystal. | Communications Physics

Fig. 1: Evaluating the Ti-composition-gradient (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT) crystal.

From: Polarization behavior in a compositionally graded relaxor–ferroelectric crystal visualized by angle-resolved polarized Raman mapping

Fig. 1: Evaluating the Ti-composition-gradient (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT) crystal.The alt text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Phase diagram of PMN-xPT obtained by X-ray powder diffraction31,32. C, R, MB, MC, and T denote cubic, rhombohedral, monoclinic (type B), monoclinic (type C), and tetragonal crystal structures, respectively. The horizontal red thick line at 396K indicates the compositional range of a Ti-composition-gradient PMN-xPT crystal used in this study. b Optical image and Ti-Kα and Nb-Kα X-ray fluorescence mapping of PMN-xPT with Ti composition gradient. Relative composition could be evaluated by measuring X-ray fluorescence from each element using an X-ray analytical microscope. c Position dependence of x in PMN-xPT crystal obtained by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. d Schematics of sample setting in Raman microscope with relationships between average crystal structure and polarization direction. It also shows how the polarization direction of light is controlled by a half-wave plate.

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