Fig. 5: Berry curvature distributions.

Berry curvature distributions up to a third and b second bands under a cyclic adiabatic evolution using extended 2D Hamiltonians, normalized by the maximum absolute magnitude. The color bar indicates the intensity of the normalized Berry curvature. The cyclic adiabatic process is represented in terms of momentum ky through the dimensional extension15,32, enabling the calculation of Berry curvature within the two-dimensional Brillouin zone using extended 2D Hamiltonians. The black arrows indicate singular points. Here, (α/t, δ/t) = (0.7, 0.7).