Fig. 4: Results of the three demonstrated models.

a–c The 100 normalized experimental Hamiltonian evolution curves, the ground state probabilities versus the iteration number, and the fidelity distribution of the sampled output intensity vectors of model 1, respectively. d–f The 100 normalized experimental Hamiltonian evolution curves, the ground state probabilities versus the iteration number, and the fidelity distribution of the sampled output intensity vectors of model 2, respectively. g–i The 100 normalized experimental Hamiltonian evolution curves, the ground state probabilities versus the iteration number, and the fidelity distribution of the sampled output intensity vectors of model 3, respectively. The normalization method is described in Supplementary Note 5. In a, d, and g, the inset shows the spin interactions of the models where the red and blue lines denote \({J}_{{ij}}=1\) and \(-1\) respectively, and the black dashed lines indicate the theoretical ground state Hamiltonians.