Fig. 2: Effective two-level system for \({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}\)-link tunneling.
From: Synthetic \({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}\) gauge theories based on parametric excitations of trapped ions
In the super-selection sector (8) with background charges q1 = 0, q2 = 1, the physical subspace for a single particle is composed of two states (9) depicted in Fig. 1b. The gauge-invariant Hamiltonian (5) can then be mapped onto the problem of detuned Rabi oscillations of a two-level atom in the rotating frame, where the tunneling plays the role of the Rabi frequency, and the electric-field term is proportional to the detuning of the Rabi drive.
