Fig. 2: Probability distribution function (PDF) of link weights for the real-time window data and for the random shuffled data for the years 2017–2018.

PDFs of link weights W of carbon flux, geopotential height, and temperature for different regions: a–c CHN, d–f USA, and g–i EU. The square points are the PDF of the link weight of the real records, the circle is the PDF of the link weight for the shuffled data, and the dashed line is the threshold of link weight above which the chance that the links obtained from the real data is less than 0.01% being random and false.