Fig. 3: Superheterodyne detection results with error bar.
From: Quantum weak measurement amplifies dispersion signal of Rydberg atomic system

Results based on weak measurements SLI (a) and amplitude (b) under the same experimental condition. Red circle is the mean of five measurements, and the space between the two horizontal lines on the red circle is the error. The abscissa is the actual electric field intensity felt by the atom, which is calibrated by the AT splitting (more details can be seen in “Methods”). The ordinate is the received power signal of the spectrometer. As the signal power becomes smaller and smaller, the measurement error gradually increases. Below the dotted line is the noise base, which marks the loss of linearity between signal and electric field amplitude. Above the noise base, the minimum electric field of weak measurement SLI is 111 nV/cm, while the amplitude scheme is 350 nV/cm.