Fig. 4: Rigidity of continuous time crystals (CTCs) under Gaussian white noise.
From: Emergent continuous time crystal in dissipative quantum spin system without driving
a, b Share the x-axis and show the noisy interaction and spin dynamics with three stages: The noiseless CTC (stage I) is perturbed by weak noise (stage II) and strong noise (stage III) at Γt = 200 and 400, respectively. The noise strengths βI = 0, βII = 0.04, βIII = 0.2 are respectively indicated in (d) with square, triangle and star symbols. c shows the Fourier spectrum of the selected arrowed regions in (b), with the zoom-in inset. d Shows that the relative crystalline fraction (RCF) R decreases as the noise strength β increases and stabilizes at the dashed gray line, where the system may still retain some information about the CTC. Here the initial state is the same as the one used in Fig. 2(c–e), and the undisturbed interaction strengths are Jx = 7, Jy = 1.5, Jz = 1.
