Fig. 1: Illustration of detecting extragalactic axion-like dark matter (DM) with polarization measurements of FRBs.
From: Detecting extragalactic axion-like dark matter with polarization measurements of fast radio bursts

The interaction between photons and ALPs leads to modifications in the dispersion relations, resulting in a difference in phase velocity between the two modes. This phenomenon, known as cosmic birefringence, causes changes in the polarization angles (PAs) of the light. If axion-like DM is distributed around the FRB 20220912A's host galaxy, ALP-induced PA oscillations (ϕ(t)) can emerge. The repeating FRBs enable us to monitor their polarization properties long-term to detect axion-like DM on extragalactic distance scales.