Fig. 11: Perturbed propagations of vortex solitons.

The perturbed propagation of vortex solitons in the framework of Eq. (1) with depth V₀ = 6 of potential (2): a1–a2: the stable propagation of the vortex soliton at b = −2.8; b1–b2: the unstable propagation of the vortex soliton at b = −3.1.