Fig. 8: Similarity measure.
From: Increasing rare earth extraction kinetics by tailored magnetic fields

Sampling of concentration depletion, Δc, at different angular positions ϕ and depth z. Each pair in Δc − r space at same depth encloses an area which is quantified using a discrete sum of the area method. The method summarizes the area enclosed by 4 consecutive sampling points, two discrete sampled points for each angular direction φ, which is shown in close-up. The symmetry breaking level is quantified by the total area that is enclosed by the two sampling lines marked gray, pink and blue for the bottom, middle and top planes, respectively.