Fig. 1: Sequential buckling.
From: Sequential buckling in fluid-filled cylindrical shells
a Deformation of a fluid-filled beverage can under increasing applied engineering strain ε = δx/L, with the first buckle appearing at ε = 0.02 and the can losing integrity at ε = 0.064. The undeformed can is of radius R = 26.5 mm, axial length L = 137 mm and wall thickness t = 0.1 mm. Image processing techniques, described in Supplementary Note 1, are used to find the surface profile of the can (highlighted in cyan). The images have been edited in Adobe Photoshop to remove any trademarks without altering the phenomenon. b Evolution of the can profile highlighted in (a): scaled displacements from initial radius w/R are represented using the color scheme. The first buckle appears near the middle of the can at x⋆/L ≈ 0.6, and grows to amplitude \({w}_{\max }/R\approx 0.04\), with subsequent buckles radiating axially. The saturation amplitude is consistent to within 8% between samples of the same geometry but varies for different geometries, see Supplementary Note 2.
