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  • Perspective
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Opportunities and challenges of quantum batteries

Nature Reviews Physics volume 8, pages 115–127 (2026)Cite this article

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Abstract

Quantum batteries harness the principles of quantum mechanics to transfer, store and release energy within quantum systems on demand. Emerging from foundational research at the intersection of quantum physics, thermodynamics and information theory, the field of quantum batteries introduces new principles for energy manipulation rooted in quantum mechanics. This rapidly expanding field of research spans foundational studies on the thermodynamic limits of battery performance and the potential for quantum advantage, alongside the development of theoretical models and the design of innovative architectures for experimental proof-of-principle demonstrations. In this Perspective, we aim to introduce the core concepts, survey the current theoretical and experimental landscape, and highlight opportunities and challenges in the pursuit of more efficient and scalable quantum energy storage devices.

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Fig. 1: Classical versus quantum batteries.
Fig. 2: Charging a quantum battery.
Fig. 3: When theory meets experimental reality.

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Acknowledgements

F.C. acknowledges discussions with C. Capelli regarding the simplified exposition of the chemical reactions occurring in a classical battery. D.F. acknowledges discussions with G. Gemme, R. Grazi and N. Traverso Ziani.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy

    Dario Ferraro, Fabio Cavaliere & Maura Sassetti

  2. CNR-SPIN, Genova, Italy

    Dario Ferraro, Fabio Cavaliere & Maura Sassetti

  3. Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Marco G. Genoni

  4. Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Como, Italy

    Giuliano Benenti

  5. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy

    Giuliano Benenti

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  1. Dario Ferraro
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  4. Giuliano Benenti
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  5. Maura Sassetti
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Ferraro, D., Cavaliere, F., Genoni, M.G. et al. Opportunities and challenges of quantum batteries. Nat Rev Phys 8, 115–127 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-025-00906-5

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