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Vortices and solitons in polariton superfluids and condensates

Nature Reviews Physics (2026) Cite this article

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Abstract

Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light–matter quasiparticles in semiconductor microstructures that exhibit strong nonlinearity. An optical beam can efficiently drive polaritons to on-demand nonlinear states such as vortices and solitons. These states have rich physical properties, such as quantized phase jumps and stationary shapes, and hold promise for applications in information processing and transmission, all-optical circuits and quantum computing. In this Review, we discuss the formation and control dynamics of polariton vortices and solitons, with a focus on spinor polaritons in which vortices with a half-integer topological charge can arise.

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Fig. 1: Principle and excitation dynamics of polaritons.
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Fig. 2: Polariton flowing dynamics under resonant excitation.
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Fig. 3: Real-space profiles of different vortex formations in polariton condensates.
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Fig. 4: Vorticity manipulation.
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Fig. 5: Spinor solitons and vortices.
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Fig. 6: Applications of polariton vortices.
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Acknowledgements

A.K. acknowledges the Saint Petersburg State University for the Research Grant No. 125022803069-4. D.S. and G.M. acknowledge the support of the ANR programme “Investissements d’Avenir” through the IDEX-ISITE initiative 16-IDEX-0001 (CAP 20-25), ANR project MoirePlusPlus (ANR-23-CE09-0033) and ANR project HAWQ (ANR-25-CE47-7323).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany

    Xuekai Ma & Stefan Schumacher

  2. Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany

    Xuekai Ma & Stefan Schumacher

  3. Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont INP, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Dmitry Solnyshkov & Guillaume Malpuech

  4. Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France

    Dmitry Solnyshkov

  5. Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany

    Stefan Schumacher

  6. Department of Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

    Alexey Kavokin

  7. School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China

    Alexey Kavokin

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A.K. and X.M. contributed to researching data, discussing content, writing and reviewing and editing the manuscript. D.S., G.M. and S.S. contributed to the discussion of content and writing of the manuscript.

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Ma, X., Solnyshkov, D., Malpuech, G. et al. Vortices and solitons in polariton superfluids and condensates. Nat Rev Phys (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-026-00943-8

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