Table 2 The comparison of causal variable determination for the PORTEC dataset among ICP, NICP and the proposed method

From: Automated causal inference in application to randomized controlled clinical trials

 

Proposed (warm-up)

Proposed (complete)

 

Causal prob.

HR (95% CI)

P value

Causal prob.

HR (95% CI)

P value

Hazard analysis of P

      

 Pathological

      

  Myometrial invasion

55.33%

1.21 (1.17–1.25)

0

52.13%

1.26 (1.21–1.31)

0

  Grade

62.72%

1.45 (1.36–1.55)

0

60.71%

1.62 (1.51–1.74)

0

  LVSI

60.68%

1.33 (1.26–1.41)

0

59.41%

1.48 (1.39–1.57)

0

 Sanity check

      

  Tissue area

49.31%

0.93 (0.92–0.95)

2.01 × 10–9

35.96%

NA

NA

  Patient ID

50.93%

0.97 (0.96–0.98)

6.05 × 10–16

20.61%

NA

NA

Hazard analysis of PM

      

 Pathological

      

  Myometrial invasion

54.62%

1.34 (1.29–1.39)

0

53.16%

1.43 (1.391.48)

0

  Grade

60.44%

2.08 (1.95–2.21)

0

60.42%

2.46 (2.332.59)

0

  LVSI

62.13%

2.01 (1.87–2.16)

0

60.87%

2.44 (2.30–2.60)

0

 Molecular

      

  L1CAM

60.27%

2.00 (1.88–2.12)

0

60.43%

2.33 (2.21–2.45)

0

  POLEmut

49.91%

0.94 (0.93–0.96)

4.68 × 10–10

50.02%

0.94 (0.92–0.95)

1.08×1012

  MMRd

49.20%

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.18

49.25%

0.99 (0.98–1.01)

0.31

  p53abn

64.67%

2.61 (2.41–2.84)

0

63.92%

3.22 (3.00–3.46)

0

 Sanity check

      

  Tissue area

49.77%

0.89 (0.88–0.91)

0

24.94%

NA

NA

  Patient ID

48.98%

0.92 (0.91–0.94)

0

17.48%

NA

NA

Hazard analysis of PMI

      

 Pathological

      

  Myometrial invasion

55.22%

1.40 (1.34–1.45)

0

53.84%

1.46 (1.41–1.52)

0

  Grade

59.39%

1.97 (1.87–2.08)

0

59.74%

2.22 (2.11–2.34)

0

  LVSI

61.88%

2.04 (1.89–2.19)

0

60.56%

2.35 (2.20–2.51)

0

 Molecular

      

  L1CAM

59.91%

1.97 (1.87–2.08)

0

59.92%

2.16 (2.06–2.26)

0

  POLEmut

50.08%

0.89 (0.88–0.91)

0

50.46%

0.89 (0.88–0.91)

0

  MMRd

49.10%

1.02 (1.01–1.04)

0.0004

49.40%

1.05 (1.04–1.07)

6.90×10–12

  p53abn

63.82%

2.65 (2.44–2.87)

0

62.91%

3.01 (2.80–3.22)

0

 Immune

      

  CD8+ cell density

56.33%

0.64 (0.61–0.66)

0

56.14%

0.59 (0.57–0.61)

0

 Sanity check

      

  Tissue area

49.58%

0.90 (0.88–0.92)

0

21.12%

NA

NA

  Patient ID

49.18%

0.92 (0.91–0.94)

0

22.89%

NA

NA

  1. The hazard analysis including hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and P values for P, PM and PMI, where the P value is computed from the χ2 test. The proposed (warm-up) refers to steps 1 and 2 of the pseudo code in Fig. 1.