Extended Data Fig. 1: Procedure of DAT with internal states for the DPNN in the nth PNN block. | Nature Machine Intelligence

Extended Data Fig. 1: Procedure of DAT with internal states for the DPNN in the nth PNN block.

From: Dual adaptive training of photonic neural networks

Extended Data Fig. 1

The flow charts with blue and yellow backgrounds denote the forward inferences in the physical system and the numerical model, respectively. Four steps of DAT with internal states, labelled using dotted arrows with four different colours, are repeated over all training samples to minimize the loss functions until convergence for obtaining the numerical model and physical parameters for the system, that is, the phase modulation matrices \({\rm{M}}_{ni}\) for i = 1, 2, 3, 1≤ n ≤N. See Supplementary Section 2 for a detailed description.

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