Extended Data Fig. 4: Ablation study.

Qualitative evaluation of the impact of multi-scale consistency objectives on the virtual staining quality of the VirtualMultiplexer across six IHC markers, presented in each row. (A) Sample H&E cores from the EMPaCT dataset. Corresponding virtually stained IHC cores for training the VirtualMultiplexer with neighbourhood consistency (B), neighborhood and global consistencies (C), and neighborhood, global, and local consistencies (D). The bounding boxes highlight zoomed-in regions in the IHC cores. (E) Reference real IHC cores corresponding to the cores in (A).