Fig. 1: Architecture of the SNN and receptive fields of FBG sensors.

a, Two-layer SNN for the localization of stimuli onto the e-skin. The first layer is composed of 126 PAs that mimic type II mechanoreceptors (SAII and FAII). These PAs make excitatory synapses with both CNs (coloured filled triangles and dots) and inhibitory INs (coloured empty triangles). The INs convey inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) to the CNs (red, empty triangles). Both CNs and INs form the second layer of the network. The weights of the second-order neurons are trained through a calcium-dependent (CADP) synaptic rule. b, Large and overlapping receptive fields, with marked sensitive hotspots (dark blue), of three FBG sensors of the e-skin, mimicking type II PAs.