Extended Data Fig. 4: Workflow for imaging mass cytometry (IMC).

A tissue microarray of 37 cores was constructed from 12 total patients who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant cabozantinib and nivolumab. 5 patients were pathologic responders and 7 patients were nonresponders. This tissue microarray was then stained with a cocktail of metal-conjugated antibodies against 27 markers. Metal intensities from the stained slide are acquired by Hyperion™. The resulting images were evaluated using MCD Viewer™ and then segmented into single cell data using Ilastik and CellProfiler.